Born the eldest son of a farming family in Ano-o, Kuwada-gun, Tamba Province (now Kameoka, Kyoto). Founder of the Maruyama school. His real family name was Fujiwara (later Minamoto), which changed to Maruyama. His nicknames included Iwajiro, Sagenta, and Mondo. He used pen-names such as Issho, Kaun, and Senrei, but after changing his name from Tei to Okyo in 1766, he continued to use the name for his signature and seal until his death. He first studied under Ishida Yutei, an official painter for the imperial palace. Engaging in the production of megane-e (“optique pictures”) and continuing his practice, he created a new era in the world of Kyoto artists with his delicate sketches and bold composition. He died at 63.