The 111th Emperor, Emperor Go-Sai, reigned between 1655 and 1663. Tutored by his father, Emperor Go-Mizu-no-O, he was dedicated to learning and left many works, such as Genji Kikigaki and Hyakunin Isshu Kikigaki. He was an expert in the fields of waka poetry and calligraphy, and also knowledgeable about the tea ceremony, flower arrangement and the incense ceremony.